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An Inconvenient Truth book cover
An Inconvenient Truth is a documentary film about climate change, especially global warming, directed by Davis Guggenheim and starring former United States Vice President Al Gore . An Inconvenient Truth is also the title of a companion book (ISBN 1594865671) by Gore, which reached #1 on the New York Times bestseller lists of July 2,[1] August 13, 2006, and again during several months on the list.[2] The documentary, based largely on a multimedia presentation that Gore prepared as part of an education campaign on global warming, premiered at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival (see 2006 in film).
While essentially a documentary film, An Inconvenient Truth follows a dramatic plot in the sequence by which facts are revealed and impending predictions are emphasized, while also interjecting personal events from the life of Al Gore. Rather than simply listing facts in a dry, mechanical manner, the film places its subject in an emotional—and moral—context, with dramatic plot elements.
An Inconvenient Truth opened in New York and Los Angeles on May 24, 2006. It is the third-highest grossing documentary in the United States to date.[3] Both Gore and Paramount Classics, the film's distributor, have pledged proceeds from the film to further education campaigns about climate change.[4]
Synopsis
Former U.S. Vice President Al Gore comes to grips with his life's purpose after the events of the 2000 Presidential election and rededicates himself to the struggle against global warming. Through a Keynote presentation (dubbed "the slide show") that he has presented worldwide, Gore explains the scientific evidence for global warming, discusses the morality, politics, and economics of global warming, and describes the serious consequences that global climate change will produce in the near future if the amount of human-generated greenhouse gases are not significantly reduced in the very near future. The film includes many segments intended to refute critics who say that global warming is not significant or proven. The predictions warn that global sea level could rise 20 feet from melting ice in Greenland or Antarctica, flooding coastal areas and threatening lives with 100 million people as evacuees. Rapid melting of moulins (glacier mills) in Greenland could also upset the Gulf Stream current and quickly trigger another ice age. The documentary ends with Gore noting that if appropriate action is taken soon, the effects of global warming can be successfully reversed by creating less carbon-dioxide and growing more plants or trees. Gore calls upon viewers to learn how they can help in this initiative.
In an effort to explain the global warming phenomonon, the film examines annual temperature and CO2 levels for the past 600,000 years in Antarctic core samples. An analogy to Hurricane Katrina (2005), as a small comparison, is given for those familiar with the 30-ft to 45-ft waves that destroyed almost a million homes in coastal Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, and Florida.
Gore's book with the same title as the film was published concurrently with the theatrical release of the documentary. The book contains additional information, scientific analysis, and Gore's commentary on the issues presented in the documentary.
Origins
Gore first became intrigued by the topic of global warming when he took a course at Harvard University with Professor Roger Revelle, one of the first scientists to measure carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.[5] Later, when Gore was in Congress, he initiated the first congressional hearing on the subject, brought in climate scientists and began talking to politicians about the issue.[6] He thought that once legislators heard the compelling evidence, they would be driven to action; ultimately though, the process was a slow one. Gore's 1992 book, Earth in the Balance, reached the New York Times bestseller list.
As Vice President during the Clinton Administration, Gore pushed for the implementation of a carbon tax to modify incentives to reduce fossil fuel consumption and thereby decrease emission of greenhouse gases; it was partially implemented in 1993. He helped broker the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty that aims to curb greenhouse gas emissions, but it was not ratified by the United States due to opposition in the Senate. Gore also supported the funding of a satellite called Triana to create more awareness of environmental issues and to take the first direct measurements of how much sunlight is reflected from the Earth. During his 2000 Presidential Campaign, he ran in part on a pledge to ratify the Kyoto Protocol.
After his defeat, Gore adapted an old slide show of his and began giving a global warming multimedia presentation across the country and the world. At the time of the film, he estimated he had shown the presentation more than a thousand times. Producers Laurie David and Lawrence Bender saw Gore's slide show in New York after the 2004 premiere of The Day After Tomorrow.[7] Inspired, they met with director Davis Guggenheim about the possibility of making it into a movie. Guggenheim, who was skeptical at first, later saw the presentation for himself. Guggenheim was "blown away" and "left after an hour and a half thinking that global warming [was] the most important issue." "I had no idea how you’d make a film out of it, but I wanted to try," he said.[8]
Scientific basis
Both directly in the movie and in the accompanying book, Gore cites many scientific studies as evidence that global warming is real and largely human-caused including:
- Gore discussed a 2004 survey of peer-reviewed scientific articles on global climate change published between 1993 and 2003 (928 papers). The survey, published in the journal Science, found that every article either supported the human-caused global warming consensus or did not comment on it.[10]
The Associated Press contacted more than 100 top climate researchers and questioned them about the film's veracity. Although "most scientists had not seen the movie, which is in limited release, or read the book," all 19 climate scientists who had done so said that Gore conveyed the science correctly.[11] The U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, chaired by Sen. Jim Inhofe, a global warming skeptic, issued a press release criticizing this article. [12] Inhofe's quote that "global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people" appears in the film.
RealClimate, a group blog maintained by climate scientists, lauded the film's science as "remarkably up to date, with reference to some of the very latest research." [13] Former global warming skeptic Michael Shermer wrote in Scientific American that An Inconvenient Truth "shocked me out of my doubting stance".[14] Shermer is a science historian and member of the Skeptics Society. However, in a June 26, 2006 editorial in the Wall Street Journal, MIT professor of physics and atmospheric sciences Richard Lindzen, a global warming contrarian, criticized the movie and questioned its claims. [15] A critical examination of Lindzen's critique is located here [16].
Promotion
The film, which opened at film festivals, was promoted with taglines such as "A global warning", "We're all on thin ice", "By far the most terrifying film you will ever see", and "The scariest film this summer is one where you are the villain and the hero".
At the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, the movie received a three-time standing ovation. It was also screened at the Cannes Film Festival and was the opening night film at the 27th Durban International Film Festival on June 14, 2006.
Reaction
The response at Sundance was echoed in both box-office proceeds and by positive reviews from film critics. The film's scientific content has been generally (though not universally) accepted by the scientific community. Both the film and its critics have been parodied in television programs.
Box office performance
The film opened in New York and Los Angeles on Wednesday, May 24, 2006. On Memorial Day weekend, it grossed $91,447 per theater, the highest of any movie that weekend and a record for a documentary though it was only playing on four screens at the time.[17]
The film has grossed approximately $22 million as of August 13, 2006, making it the third-highest grossing documentary in the U.S. to date (after Fahrenheit 9/11 and March of the Penguins). [18]
Al Gore has stated "Tipper and I are devoting 100 percent of the profits from the book and the movie to a new bipartisan educational campaign to further spread the message about global warming." [19]Paramount Classics is committing 5% of their domestic theatrical gross for the film to be donated to a new bipartisan[20] climate action group, Alliance for Climate Protection, dedicated to awareness and grassroots organizing.
Reviews
Critical reaction to the film has been overwhelmingly positive: it has garnered a "certified fresh" 92% rating at Rotten Tomatoes (as of July 2, 2006), with a 94% rating from the "Cream of the Crop" reviewers. Film critics Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper gave the film "two thumbs up". Ebert wrote: "In 39 years, I have never written these words in a movie review, but here they are: You owe it to yourself to see this film. If you do not, and you have grandchildren, you should explain to them why you decided not to."[21]
A small minority of critics were not so kind, including Gregg Easterbrook writing for Slate. [22] Journalist Ronald Bailey argued in the libertarian magazine Reason that although "Gore gets the science more right than wrong", he "exaggerates the risks."[23]
The film received a special recognition from the Humanitas Prize, the first time the organization handed out a Special Award in over 10 years.
Political response
- President Bush, when asked whether he would watch the film, responded: "Doubt it." He later attested that "we need to set aside whether or not greenhouse gases have been caused by mankind or because of natural effects."[24] Gore responded by saying, "The entire global scientific community has a consensus on the question that human beings are responsible for global warming and [Bush] has today again expressed personal doubt that that is true."[25]
Influences on popular culture
- Prior to being released, the film was parodied in the South Park episode "Manbearpig". Gore laughed off this sensationalized depiction of him, saying "Their comic sensibility is aimed at a different demographic than the one I inhabit, but I still find a lot of what they do hilarious." [30]
- Stephen Colbert on his show The Colbert Report also parodied An Inconvenient Truth on July 17, 2006. Entitled "The Convenientest Truth", Colbert created his own PowerPoint presentation that argued the positive effects of global warming using his signature humor tactics to satirize conservative response to Gore's presentation.
- During the movie, Al Gore shows a clip from the animated television series Futurama episode "Crimes of the Hot" that dealt with global warming; Al Gore was a guest star in that episode, though he was not present in the clip. In addition, Gore stars in a faux trailer made by the Futurama cast and crew titled, "A Terrifying Message from Al Gore".[31]
- The Competitive Enterprise Institute ran two television advertisements to "counter global warming alarmism" in apparent reply to An Inconvenient Truth. Both used the tagline "Carbon Dioxide - They call it pollution; We call it life."[32]
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Gore and a fringe group of radical liberals known as 'scientists' believe that the earth is being damaged by man-made carbon dioxide. Well, bad mouth humanity all you want, but diss carbon dioxide and the Competitive Enterprise Institute is likely to open up a can of public service advertising on your ass [Institute's ads are shown onscreen]. I know what you're driving at, but I really don't think science and liberals are going to outlaw breathing. |
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- The television show X-Play did two separate parody sketches as promotions for G4's award show, G-Phoria. One sketch showed an Al Gore impersonator warning about temperature increases in Middle Earth due to the Eye of Sauron.
See also
Notes
- ^ New York Times lists book as #1 Paperback Nonfiction, 02-Jul-2006, [1]
- ^ New York Times lists book as #1 Paperback Nonfiction, 13-Aug-2006, [2]
References
- Booth, William. "Al Gore, Sundance's Leading Man", Washington Post, January 26, 2006. [35]
- Remnick, David. "The Talk of the Town", New Yorker, April 14, 2006.[36]
- Steffen, Alex. "Interview: Davis Guggenheim and An Inconvenient Truth", WorldChanging, May 4, 2006. [37]
- Voynar, Kim. "Sundance: An Inconvenient Truth Q & A - Al Gore on fire! No, really.", Cinematical, January 26, 2006. [38]
External links
Reviews
Interviews
Miscellaneous
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An Inconvenient Truth (2006) 
An Inconvenient Truth (2006)
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Neprijetna resnica (2006) (Slovenia)
